城市交通中弱势群体的社会排斥及其对策

交通弱势群体分为生理性和社会性两大类。目前我国城市中的交通政策、交通基础设施与交通工具设计等未能充分考虑交通弱势人群的实际需求，从而造成了其社会排斥问题。生理性弱势群体参与城市交通的社会排斥主要包括基本出行、教育和就业、消费娱乐、社会心理几个方面，社会性弱势群体参与城市交通的社会排斥则主要表现在空间、时间、经济、社会关系网络几个方面。解决我国城市交通中弱势群体的社会排斥问题，可在构建效率与公平兼顾的城市交通发展策略的基础上，全面推进公交优先发展模式，实施交通需求管理策略，降低弱势群体出行的交通成本，建立城市交通中社会排斥的评价与反馈机制。

Social Exclusion of Vulnerable Groups in Urban Transportation and Countermeasures

With the accelerating process of urbanization and motorization in China,urban transportation construction and development have not only promoted the transportation efficiency,but also caused social exclu-sion and transportation inequity of vulnerable groups.There are generally two categories of transportation vulner-able groups：physiological vulnerable groups and social vulnerable groups.Based on the analysis of connotation and characteristics of the transportation vulnerable groups,this paper further disclosed the causes and impacts of social exclusion of vulnerable groups in urban transportation,and reaches the conclusion that transportation de-velopment mode and urban space reconstruction turn out to be the main causes of transportation vulnerable groups.Basic travel exclusion of both physiological vulnerable groups and social ones were systematically ana-lyzed about their participation in urban transportation,as well as the exclusion of education,employment,con-sumption and social psychological exclusion caused by travel exclusion,and then the theoretical system to ana-lyze social exclusion of transportation vulnerable groups was established.The improvement strategies and evalua-tion indexes of social exclusion were proposed in urban transportation,which provides the theoretical basis for promoting equity in urban transportation.