经验与必然:马克思的方法论研究

“经验”与“必然”在传统哲学中的对立,引发出我们对“马克思的‘经验’的方法如何获取其普遍必然性”这一问题的思考。马克思把一切先验的东西拉回现实生活世界的同时,也将对“先验”的无意义追问搁置起来。这种做法体现在他的哲学中就是:搁置了对“需要”必然性的追问,将其呈现为人类现实的解放运动;把充分彰显于生活中的人的“现实的需要”,作为更根本的动力源,承接历史发展的各阶段,科学地揭示出社会历史发展的客观历程。由此,“现实的需要”以其独特的客观性,为马克思的“经验”的方法提供了牢靠的必然性依托。

Experience and Necessity:Studying the Methodology of Marx

In traditional philosophy,experience and necessity are contradictory to each other.As a result,experience method get a transcendental foundation in the philosophy of Kant.That is synthetic judgement of innate. The contradiction is resolved.But Marx's methodology is the pure experience method.Getting ground in imaginary concept for realistic world is opposed by Mark.How dose the experience method get necessity?Marx thinks that all the transcendental things are realistic things indeed and transcendentalism is meaningless.This is the phenomenon of shelving metaphysics in the philosophy of Marx.The following is the detailed approach of Marx.First,Seeking the necessity of needs is shelved because it is the campaign of realistic liberation in human society.The second is taking for realistic needs as the basic reason of society development.The realistic needs of hu man is self-evident in the realistic world.The continuity of human society is carried on by the development of realistic needs.It is revealed that the human society is a objective process.Because of the peculiar objectiveness,human realistic needs provides dependable necessity for method of experience in the philosophy of Marx.