行政处罚的有责性研究

行政处罚的有责性问题(即被处罚人的主观心态是否以故意或过失为必要),是行政处罚制度中的一个重要的问题。对此问题世界各国的学理见解及制度规定均未形成统一认识,但是,其发展的趋势随着现代民主法治思想的发展是倾向于行政处罚应以有责性为要件的。我国《行政处罚法》虽然没有对行政处罚的有责性作出系统性的规定,但是,对违法者的责任能力、行为能力及主观要件都作了规定。文章试图从刑法相关理论入手,比较国外及我国台湾地区的相关学理及制度,结合我国《行政处罚法》的有关规定,对行政处罚领域的有责性问题进行初步的探讨,并尝试提出建立有中国特色的行政处罚有责性制度的初步设想。

On Responsibility For Administrative Punishment

The issue of responsibility for administrative punishment, that is, whether aforethought or negligence of whom is punished is essential to his subjective psychology, is important in administrative punishment system. There has not been uniform understanding in the world, but with the development of modern democratic thought of rule by law, responsibility tends to be prerequisite for administrative punishment. Though there are no systematic provisions of this issue in Administrative Punishment Law, liability, capacity and subjective factor of breacher are all stipulated. This article analyzes this issue and tries to provide a tentative idea about establishing an administrative punishment responsibility system with Chinese characteristics.