引入资源税的世代交叠模型及其改进

经济可持续发展必然引出资源可持续利用问题,而资源可持续利用问题又必然触及资源的代际分配问题。当代人在其行为不受约束的情况下,往往会过度使用资源,从而带来对后代人的(负)外部性。当外部性导致市场失灵时,政府则通过征税的方式消减外部性的影响。为了分析政府行为(征税)在代际间的效果,可以在世代交叠模型中引入资源税。在初始模型中,资源税通过政府转移支付直接给予家庭,由于家庭成员没有采取对减少外部性有益的行动,资源税只在当期起到了消减外部性的作用,而在后期却导致了更为严重的后果。我们对初始模型加以改进,并进行了竞争均衡的稳态分析。在改进的世代交叠模型中,家庭通过自己减少外部性影响的行动(例如使用替代的、可再生的资源)得到政府的补贴。进而,经济积累更多的资本,家庭也更加重视资源的节约利用,使资源约束得以改善。

An Overlapping Generations Model with the Resources Tax and its Improved Model

Sustainable economic development implies sustainable utilization of resources,which contacts with intergenerational allocation of resources.The current generation often over-utilizes the resources for their own benefits,which damages the offspring.Pigou tax can internalize externalities so that the social Pareto optimal can be linked with the object of the enterprises' profit maximization.In this paper,Pigou tax is introduced into an overlapping generations model to establish a simple transfer payment model and its improved version.Through analyzing its competitive equilibrium in stable state,it shows that Pigou tax cannot solve the problem forever,thus the government should adopt more methods,and more rigid resources policy can bring more capital stocks and the better resources quality in stable state.