解释的递进:中国马克思主义哲学解释“实践”的几种模式

在社会理论意义上,以“劳动”作为“实践”是中国马克思主义哲学实践观的历史选择和基本看法。生活世界理论和生存—实践论开始意识到其中的矛盾张力,但仍致力于弥合。而认识论意义上把“实践”解释为反教条的经验累积论在中国也根深蒂固。着重强调人与人关系(而非原来的人与自然关系)并凸现自由、伦理、人文、审美等价值维度的“实践”日益受到重视。但从人人关系维度看,“实践”内含的各种张力、矛盾、复杂、多元、异质等都凸现出来,使实践智慧论和实践自悖谬论成为日益受关注的问题,理论与实践统一、知—信—行的统一开始受到反思,而实践和生存的内在反讽性或许更凸现了哲学实践观的复杂内涵,以及区分不同层次的必要性。

Progression of Interpretation: Modes of "Practice" Interpreting in Chinese Marxist Philosophy

In the dimension of social theory,taking "labour"as "practice" is a historical choice and a foundational view of the practical idea of Chinese Marxist philosophy.Theory of life-world and existential-practicism start to wake up its iternal tension but still try to close it.On epistemology,howeve,it gives a sense of rootedness that "practice" was interpreted as anti-doctrinal theory of experience cumulating."Practice",which emphasizes on the relation between human and human(not the quondam relation between human and nature)and gives prominence to the dimension of value as freedom,ethics,humanity,aesthetics,etc.,is attached more and more importance.But in the dimension of human-human relation,kinds of tension,confliction,complexity,multiplicity,heterogeneity that embedded in "practice"have appeared,which made the theory of phronesis and of practical self-paradox been attended increasingly,the unification of theory-practice and of realization-belief-action started to be reflected,and even more,the internal irony of practice and existence reveal the complex meaning of practical idea in philosophy and the necessity to distinguish different levels.