浅析法、德两国的法院系统及其特点

法院系统分为行政法院和普通法院两大块是法国法院的基本特点。法国行政法院隶属于行政机关，就现行法律和行政法令向行政机关作出解释，提供建议和拟订草案，审理行政机关之间以及公民对行政机关的控告案件，只审理公法与行政案件，不干涉普通法院的事务。德国法院的基本特点是无论是普通法院还是宪法法院、行政法院都属于司法系统，独立于司法之外的法院是不存在的，这一点和有着“行政法母国”之称的法国是显然不同的。同时，德国法院也具有既不同于法国、也不同于美国的特殊的联邦法院和州法院系统。

Court System in France and Germany and Their Characteristics

Courts in France mainly include administrative courts and common courts. Affiliating to the administration, administrative courts provide the administrative organs with explanations to the existing law, rules and regulations, make suggestions on legal amendment, and accept law-suit cases between administrative organs or those between a citizen and an administrative organ. Different from the common courts, they are mainly engaged in legal cases concerning the public law and administrative cases. Unlike France, there is no court in Germany out of the judiciary, which consists of the Common Court, the Constitutional Court and the Administrative Court. Besides, the judiciary in Germany also includes the Federal Court and the State Court, which is quite different from the court system in France and the USA.