喀喇沁地区蒙古语地名的社会语言学分析

喀喇沁地区蒙古语自然村地名按词义分类,可包括自然地理式、氏族人名式、职业分工式、聚落计户式等4种类型。自然地理式村名显示喀喇沁人以山地聚落为主;氏族人名式村名显示喀喇沁部由众多氏族融合而成;职业分工式村名显示喀喇沁地区曾经有过发达的畜牧业和狩猎、山林经营传统,农业及其他职业也逐步得到发展;计户式村名显示,喀喇沁地区初期的蒙古村落以3、5、7、8户为主,规模很小。同名自然村名前加特定限定词,是自然村的横向扩展形式;以驻地核心村命名自然村上一级行政单位,是农村管理网络的纵向扩展形式。喀喇沁地区蒙古语地名的汉化有音译、音译加意译、意译加意译、意译、两名并行、改名等不同过程。地名演化是语言演变的一种。

A Sociolinguistic Analysis on Khorchin Mongolian Placename

Sorted by word meaning,Khorchin Mongolian village names may be devided into 4 types: geographical name type,clan or personal name type,vocational name type and family numbered type.By geographical village names,Khorchin people mainly have been belonged to the mountainius tribal society;By clan or personal name type of village names,Khorchin people were composed by many clans;By occupational village names,Khorchin people had had developed animal husbandry,hunting,and mountainy nursery and planting,while agriculture and other industry had also been developed;By family numbered type of village names,a village of Haraqin was ruther samall,of which 3,5,7,or 8 households included.To form the rural management network,village name is extended by plussing some prefix to front of the village name,while upper-level of the administrative unit is named after the core village.The way of Haraqin Mongolian placename developed into Han-Chinese includes many different processes such as transliteration,transliteration plus free translation,free translation plus free translation,free translation,parallel name,rename,etc..Evolution of geographical names is a type of language change.