元明清时期西北水利的理论与实践

西部开发的关键是如何解决水资源的短缺。总结历史上西北水利的理论与实践 ,对于今日西部开发中最关键的水资源问题的解决 ,具有借鉴价值。元朝在陕西省兴元路和泾渠都设置了河渠司 ,河渠司制定“分水”、“用水则例” ,统一管理分配渠系内的水资源 ;明清时期 ,由于西北华北干旱气候的日益严重 ,农学家徐光启、王心敬等对水的自然循环系统和水旱的周期认识更加深入 ,分别提出了旱田用水五法和井利说 ,这对于在河渠水利不足时扩大农田水利的给水源 ,起到了积极的推动作用

An Enlightment from theory and practice of irrigation work in Northwest China during Yuan , Ming and Qing Dynasties

The key of opening up Northwest is how to solve the being short of water resource.Summing up theory and practice of irrigation work in Northwest China in history that is great important to solve the problem mentioned above. Departments of river and irrigation canal were established in XinYuan Lu,Jing Qu in Shanxi Province in Yuan Dynasty .The department worked up the rule of distributing and using irrigation water between counties.The department exercised the power of managing and distributing irrigation water resource in a unified way .Because of drought in Northwest and North China seriously during Ming and Qing dynasties , agriculturist Xu Guangqi and WangXijing knew that natural circulation system of water and the cycle of flood and drought more penetrably .They separately presented"dry land utilization water five way"and "well conservancy".These theories gave impetus to expand land conservation source in being lack of the river and irrigation cannal.