司马迁贫富观的历史考察

司马迁认为追求富有是人的本能,反对政府在这个问题上的人为干预。他从道义上谴责“为富不仁、为仁不富”现象,却又默认了贫富不均的现实存在。他蔑视权贵,同情穷人,同时对富有又有点渴望。他表彰本分致富,却又不赞成严禁奸富。与其不朽著作《史记》一样,这种矛盾的贫富观也算得上一家之言。社会结构的转型,地主封建制度在和平环境中的迅速发展和充分演示,为这种贫富观的产生准备了基本的社会条件;而司马迁那拮据窘迫的尴尬人生,则又为他对贫富问题的反思提出了现实的要求。史家的视野,书生的执著,浓郁的忧患情结,则把这种思考引向了深入。时代、社会和个人三重因素,造就了司马迁那丰富而独特的贫富观。

A historical investigation about SI Ma-qian's idea of poverty and wealth

SI Ma-qian looked on seeking wealth as man's instinct,opposing man-made interpositions exercised by government.While morally he condemned the practice of being rich but cruel and being benevolent but poor,he gave tacit consent to the reality of the great difference between the rich and the poor.He dipised the bigwigs and showed sympathy for the poor on the one hand,he was a little envious of the rich on the other.He commended becoming rich through honest labor,but at the same time he didn't approve strict prohibition of acquring wealth through treacherous means.Just as his immortal masterpiece Records of the History,his inconsistent outlook on wealth can be counted as one school of viewpoint.The transformation of social structure,the rapid development and full demonstration of the landlord feudal system in peace provided basic social conditions for the formation of this outlook while his poverty-stricken and awkward life raised a realistic claim to his reflection of poverty and wealth.A historian's wide field of vision,a scholar's rigid perseverance and great worries made his thoughts go deep.It was the triple factor of his time, his society and his personality that had brought about SI Ma qian's rich and unique viewpoint on poverty and wealth.