孙中山的民生主义与近代中国的发展道路问题

民生主义是孙中山三民主义民主革命纲领的重要内容。民生主义的要点有二:一是平均地权,二是节制资本。平均地权的基本措施是征收土地税,以防止贫富分化;节制资本的目的在于限制私人资本对国计民生的垄断和控制。孙中山的民生主义实际上是一个在中国发展资本主义的社会经济纲领,也是孙中山关于近代中国发展道路的基本构想,并且具有浓厚的民粹主义特色。孙中山的民生主义思想既具有一定的先进性和合理性,同时又具有明显的空想性。中国近代发展历程表明,只有新民主主义的革命道路,才是中国近代化的正确道路。

Dr. Sun Yat-sen's "the People's Livelihood" and the Issue of Development Road in Modern China

The people's livelihood was the important content in the guiding line of the democratic revolution of the three people's principles of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's.It had two essentials: one was the equality in land properties and the other control of capital.The basic policy of the former was levying land taxes to prevent from the division of between the rich and poor,and the purpose of the latter,to constraint private capital's control and monopoly on the national economy and the people's livelihood.Actually,it was both the social-economic guiding line of developing capitalism in China and the basic blue print of the development road of modern China,planned by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.And it possesses both a certain reasonable and advanced content,and an obvious utopianism.The development of modern China has shown that only the new democratic revolutionary road can be the right modernization road for China.