杨时解读张载之《西铭》

程门弟子杨时先后师从程颢、程颐,在二程的引领下解读张载之《西铭》。因体会《西铭》"言体而不及用",质疑其容易流于墨家之兼爱,求教程颐,激发程颐以"理一而分殊"概括《西铭》之旨意。经往复探讨及精思力索,杨时接受"理一分殊"说并作发挥,提出"理一为仁,分殊为义"、"用未尝离体"、"即体而言,分在其中"等论点。杨时阐发的"理一分殊"的伦理内涵及重视分殊的思想促进了洛学的发展,并对后学产生了重要影响。

Yang Shi's View on Zhang Zai's Xi Ming

As an important disciple of Cheng brothers, Yang Shi was apprenticed to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi successively. Under the guidance of Cheng Brothers, Yang Shi interpreted Zhang Zai＇s Xi Ming. He thought＂Xi Ming＂＂clarified the substance and had not mentioned about Function, so suspected it easy to be the universal love of Mohist School. Yang Shi＇s question inspired Cheng Yi, Cheng Yi summarized the main purpose of Xi Ming as ＂Universality and particularity＂. After repeatted discussions, Yang Shi accepted the theory of ＂universality and particularity＂, and put forward some ideas such as ＂universality is humanity in substance ＂ and so on.Yang Shi elucidated the ethical implication of universality and particularity and emphasized particularity, which promoted Luo School＇s development and had important impacts on later generations.