科举制度演变的特点及对古代知识阶层的影响

科举制度的发展与演变呈现出三个明显的特点 ,一是考试内容与评价标准逐渐偏狭和空疏 ,二是考试方式日益教条和呆板 ,三是考试目的越来越单一。这些对古代知识阶层产生两方面重要影响 ,一是思想素质低下 ,难以承担促进社会进步和社会改革的重任 ;二是价值观念落后 ,制约启蒙运动和思想解放运动的开展。

The Characteristics of the Imperial Examination and its Influences on Intellectuals of Ancient China

The development of imperial examination of ancient China has obviously three characteristics: the content and its evaluation became more and more limited and empty; the way of the examination got dogmatic and rigid gradually; step by step ,the purpose of study and examination turned single. These had influenced the intellectuals in two important ways. For one thing , the ideological level of them was very low , with which they could not bear the great responsibility for the improvement and reformation of the society. For other , the sense of value of them was very backward , with which they could not carry out a movement of enlightenment and ideological emancipation in China .