古汉语反义词研究初探

在汉语词汇史的研究中, 反义词的研究与其他方面的研究相比略显薄弱, 特别表现在理论方法及断代、专书反义词研究上。反义词应是同一语言、同一历史时期, 在一定的语境中具有对举关系, 在一个或几个义位上相对或相反而词性相同的词。古汉语反义词研究应从专书入手。古汉语专书反义词的判定应从三个方面着手: 借助文例判定; 依靠注释及书中的有关解释判定; 联系整部书的用词进行判定。通过古汉语反义词的研究, 可以了解一个词的多义系统, 了解常用反义词的发展演变, 还可以补大型语文工具书之不足。

Elementary Study of Antonym of Ancient Sinitic

In the discussion of lexicology history of Sinitic language, the study of antonyms appears frail slightly compared with other aspects, especially the theory , as well as the study of period history and single book .Antonyms should be terms like these: they not only belong to the same language, the same history period, but also have the relations of contrast and cite to each other in the specified language circumstance, meanwhile, they have the same functions whereas they are relative or opposite on one or some gloss. The antonym study of ancient Sinitic should be started with single book, at the same time, the judgment of the antonyms of the ancient Sinitic in the single book should be started with three aspects: drawing support from illustrative sentence in the book; counting on the explanatory note and analysis in the book; combining the words used in the entire book. We can comprehend the polysemous system of a word, as well as the development and evolving of the frequently used antonyms, furthermore, the study can supplies the inadequacy of the large-size reference books.