从劝世治平到翱翔太清——论仲长统的愤世与出世

仲长统及其《昌言》批判社会不限于形而下的现象,也富含了哲理性思考。其“理乱”政治思想嫉恶如仇,但劝世治平的愤世言行同时体现出了道家倾向。仕途舛蹇、生逢乱世的身世感怀,影响其思考人生价值的定位由“愤世”进而转为“出世”。他借鉴老庄思想,以“得义”为基准对传统儒家进行否定和补充,呈现出非儒入道的异端色彩,最终留给历史一个“狂生”形象。不过,魏晋士大夫抉择儒道、构建内外互补的理想人格,仲长统确是开启端绪的先声人物之一。

On Animadversion and Extrication of Zhong Chang-tong

In Zhong Chang-tong's Chang Yan,there is some criticism of society as well as some philosophical ideas.The political idea of "clearing up the evils" is somewhat extreme while the persuasion of realizing peace is Taoistic.The ups and downs of his life in the turbulent society made him favor Taoism.He criticized and complemented the traditional Confucianism based on some Taoistic ideas,which displayed the color of heresy and left an impression of a "bedlamite" to the world.However,among the scholar-bureaucrathes who chose Confucianism and constructed the ideal characters,Zhong Changtong was the pioneer.