论类型学的定义与范畴

探讨类型学的实质及其研究范围,以寻求真正适合国内教学与研究实践的类型学理论极具意义。文章梳理了国内比较文学教材对类型学的定义,发现大多只强调类同性的研究,而忽视对异质性的关注。在这一理论的指导下,中国大多数类型学研究只强调求同。这与俄苏的历史类型学求同存异的学术旨趣是不同的。曹顺庆教授提倡类型学的异质研究,既是对俄苏历史类型学研究思路的回归,更偏重于寻求不同文化的异质性。类型学异质研究是第三世界国家在跨文明语境下开展类型学类同研究陷入困境时的一种努力,这对构建民族自信心,维护世界多元文化和谐的生态环境有积极的意义。本文认为真正完整而有可操作性的类型学研究应该包括两个步骤：先进行类同研究,然后再进行异质研究。

On the Definition and Scope of Typology

This paper discusses the essence and scope of the study of typology,to find the appropriate typology theory for teaching and research practice in China.In the first,this paper reviews on these definitions of the typology in Chinese teaching materials of comparative literature.Then it is found that most of these definitions merely stress on the similar study of the phenomenon of literature,while ignore the heterogeneity study.Under the guidance of this theory,most of Chinese typology studies only stresses to seek the similar,and is different with the historical typology of Soviet Russia that are not only seeking the similar,but also heterogeneity.Professor CAO Shun-qing advocates typology heterogeneity study,and this idea is a return of historical typology of the Russian Soviet but is not identical with it,for it more emphasis than the Russian Soviet on finding the heterogeneity of different cultures.In the context of cross-culture,the typology similar study in the Third World conducted in trouble.Typology heterogeneity study has a positive meaning for striving to build national self-confidence and maintain a harmonious ecological environment of multicultural world.Finally,the paper argues that the fully-formed and operable study of typology should include two steps： in the first,similar study,then the heterogeneity study.