古罗马的环境保护

古罗马人是否认识到对环境的法律保护?老普林尼的《自然史》、西塞罗的《控维勒斯》以及维特鲁威的《建筑十书》清楚地表明,古罗马人表现出对大自然的关注。而通过对水污染的法律禁止、废物的非法排放、铅的使用三个具体实例的分析,可以发现:虽然"令状"、"倒泼或投掷之诉"、"否定之诉"这三种私法上的程序性工具在保护环境方面间接产生了一些法律效果,但其首要的旨趣并非保护环境而是保护个人利益。因此,从公私法划分的角度来看,古罗马人的时代并不存在环境保护法这样一个法律部门。

Environmental Protection in Ancient Rome

Did ancient Romans realized that they needed to protect their environment through legality? A study of such literature as Histroy of Nature by Pliny,Sr,Against Verres by Cicero,and On Architecture: 10 Books by Vitruvius,reveals that ancient Romans paid attention to Mother Nature.By analyzing three practical cases concerning respectively the legalization of preventing water pollution,the illegal emission of waste,and the use of lead,we discover that although the interdictm,the "Actio de effusis vel deiectis" and the "Actio negatoria",as three procedural means in private law did produce indirect legal effects on the protection of the environment,they were designed primarily for the protection of personal benefits rather than the protection of the environment.Therefore,from the perspective of division between public and private laws,it can be concluded that there was no legal department specifically for the environmental protection in the time of the Ancient Roman Empire.