中国与欧盟地理标志保护比较研究——以中欧地理标志合作协定谈判为视角

正在进行的《中欧地理标志双边合作协定》谈判是我国地理标志保护国际化的重要契机,也为反思我国地理标志制度提供了新的视角。我国和欧盟地理标志制度在立法体系上的差异表现在保护模式的选择、立法宗旨与政策导向、不同制度的配合衔接等方面;在具体制度上的差异表现在适用范围及地理标志定义、注册程序的设计、第三国地理标志的注册和保护、地理标志与商标的关系、保护范围等方面。中欧地理标志制度的差异,主要源自双方的地理标志理念和消费者认知的不同。中欧在进行地理标志合作协定谈判时,必须统筹兼顾双方的立法和实践,以对等原则和主权原则为基础,最大限度求同存异,实现互利共赢的目标。

A Comparative Study of Protection of Geographical Indications in China and the EU

The negotiation on "China-EU Cooperative Agreement of GIs" is a good opportunity for internationalizing China’s GIs and provides a new perspective for reviewing GI protection system in China.China’s GI system is different from that of EU in terms of legal system,which can be seen in the different choices of protective mode,different purposes in law-making and different orientations of policy-making,different arrangements for compatibility of different legislations.Differences also exist in concrete rules,which can be seen in scopes of applicability,the definitions of GIs,the design of registration procedure,the registration and protection of foreign GIs,the relation between GIs and trademarks as well as the scope of protection.The differences of GI systems mainly result from different conceptions of GIs and consumers’ awareness in China and the EU.During the negotiation on the Cooperative Agreement,all these differences should be taken into careful consideration and settled according to the principles of reciprocity and state sovereignty so that the win-win goal can be achieved.