论政府的理性与社会政策面向

当前，我国日渐成熟完善的市场与日益扩大的政府干预产生了“共生现象”，而市场与政府失灵的问题也成为社会转型背景下社会政策主体面向尤为关键的问题。本文认为市场和政府失灵的实质是资源性配置的问题，如果我们无视政府功能的限度，政府必然失灵，也必然不能真正消除政府失灵。我们目前不能也没有必要在政府和市场之间选择，更没有必要争议“纯福利”还是“准市场”的价值体现，我们必须重申“政府理性”，也必须尝试一种新的社会政策面向，实现政府与市场的有效功能组合。本文认为政府理性就是一种公民社会路径下的政府公共理性。面向的是社会的公共利益和据此做出的社会政策面向。就是说，政府除了面向商业部门购买服务而发挥市场的力量之外，需要所谓“视界向下的革命”，不断拓展社区面向和非政府组织面向，从而实施有效的资源动员与政策执行。

On Government Rationality and Facing-choices of Social Policy

Our country is being in the procedure of social transformation, ＂phenomenon of symbiosis＂, which produced by the interaction be tweon the more mature market and powerful intervene of government, we encounter the failure of market and government at the same time. On the base of this subject, this thesis defines the theory of government failure briefly to prevent and obviate the government failure under the background of market failure at the beginning. Then, it explores the general reason of government failure, and this thesis reckon, if we brush aside the limitation of government function, the government will face the failure indeed, and we couldn＇t obviate this failure in fact. So, this thesis analyzes the function and limitation of government comprehensively. After recognizing the limitation of government function, the author considers that we couldn＇t make choices between government and market, and it is also unnecessary to do so. We must restate ＂government rationality＂ and attempt a new sort of public op- tions, so as to realize the combination of effective functions. This thesis, then, has some analyses and discussions in government rationality and public option by various aspects. Also, it indicates that government rationality is a type of government public rationality, which is facing the public interest of society and making public choice. Following the deduction of this theme, this thesis discusses the realistic ＂public options＂ in the path of civil society, which includes the public options of communities and of non-government organizations.