柏拉图正义观探析

面临雅典民主政沽濒临崩溃、极端个人主义盛行的衰败形势,柏拉图把正义当作治疗社会不幸的药方。通过批评传统的正义观,柏拉图提出了贯彻内在性原则和政治性原则的正义理论：就个体而言,正义是使个人自我一致并达致完善的美德;就社会而言,正义是使社会内在和谐、完善的社会自觉。并且依柏拉图而言,正义有着专门的分类,即“四德”。

Research into Plato's Concept of Justice

Faced with the degenerating condition that Athens was on the verge of ruin in democ- racy and the excessive individualism was prevailing, Plato advocated that justice would be the reme- dy for curing the evils. After criticizing the conventional theories of justice, Plato gives us his own theory of justice according to which, individually, justice is a human virtue that makes a person self- consistent and good; socially, justice is a social consciousness that makes a society internally harmo- nious and good. According to Plato, justice is the harmoniousness among intelligence, courage and moderation, namely," Four Sorts of Virtue".