北宋后期的都保区划

北宋前期的乡村区划呈现出残缺不全、新旧交替的特征。乡、里在合并的同时已失缺原有的编户功能。熙宁变法之后,作为地方自治及保防组织的都保,日渐具备乡村区划的功能,县以下的行政事务主要通过都保来执行。但是,原来的乡并没有退出历史舞台,而是继续存在。乡和都保只存在地域上的包含关系,而没有行政上的统属关系。乡和都保承载着不同的功能,乡主要是地理区划上的意义,用以来确定方位、籍贯等;而都保则是依人户而划分,以对其实施行政上的管理。

The Administrative Divisions of Du-bao in the Late Northern Song Dynasty

The administrative divisions in the country areas had a deformed and transitional character in the early Northern Song Dynasty. At the course of amalgamation, Xiang and Li had both lost their functions registering families in the census record . After the Xi-Ning reform, as a kind of zemstvo safeguarding the local, Du-bao had the function of administrative divisions day by day and executed the main commissions below Xian. But Xiang didn't disappear. Xiang and Du were only regional inclusive relationship and there wasn't subordinative relationship of administration between them. They had different functions. Xiang mainly had the meaning of geography to locate the orientation and native place and so on, while Du-bao was divided by the registered permanent residence in order to administer the residents.