比较优势、技术进步与收入分配--基于两个经典定理的分析

芬德雷-格鲁伯特定理告诉我们,某一产业发生技术进步的话,在商品价格不变的情况下,该产业的生产会扩大;而斯多尔帕-萨缪尔森定理告诉我们,某一产业的生产扩大的话,该产业中密集使用的那个要素报酬会提高,而不密集使用的那个要素的报酬会下降.由于技术先进的产业往往也是资本或人力资本密集的产业,因此中国入世后就面临更多地利用现有比较优势来发展传统劳动密集型产业还是推动技术进步发展高新技术产业的矛盾.对此,本文分析表明,同时推动传统产业的技术改造和高新技术产业的发展,特别是推动能提高所有产业生产率的通用技术进步,可以解决这一矛盾.

Relative Advantage, Technical Advance and Income Distribution--An Analysis Based on Two Classic Theorems

The Findlay Grubert theorem tells us that an industry will see expanded production when it makes some technical advance and the price of the products remains the same. However, according to Stolper Samuelson theorem, when production expands in an industry, the payment will increase for the labor intensive factor in the industry, while the payment decreases for the non labor intensive factor. As technically advanced industry is usually capital or human capital intensive, China would be faced with the contradiction between exploiting the present relative advantage to develop traditional labor intensive industries and accelerating technical progress to develop high and new tech industries. The analysis in this paper indicates that this contradiction can be solved by means of technical reforms of traditional industries and development of high and new tech industries, especially the advancement of the general techniques that can improve the productivity of all industries.