论抵押与质押的区分——兼评知识产权担保方式的合理定位

我国以占有方式为标准将约定担保物权分为抵押权与质权;在此标准下,又依据担保标的物属性将权利担保分为抵押与质押。此区分标准导致了抵押、质押区分标准的多元化结构与抵押、质押法律规则设置的一元化基础之间的矛盾。我国应一以贯之地采用占有标准来区分抵押与质押,即:以是否移转占有将权利区分为权利抵押和权利质押。由于知识产权无法适用占有,应当将知识产权担保定位于抵押。

The Distinction Between Mortgage and Pledge

China’s legal system divides the real right for security into mortgage right and pledge right based on the form of possession;under the same system,the real right for security is classified into mortgage and pledge according to the characteristics of the subject matter of security.This has led to a contradiction between the multiple standards on the mortgage-pledge distinction and the uniform legal provisions on mortgage and pledge.China should continue to adopt the possession-based distinction between mortgage and pledge,which means real right for security is classified as mortgage or pledge depending on whether there is transfer of possession.Because the transfer of possession is not applicable to intellectual property,intellectual property guaranty should be categorized as mortgage.