从美国进步主义运动的领导主体看运动的特性

学术界在认识美国进步主义运动的性质方面迄今尚有分歧，存在着“旧中产阶级争夺权势说”、“企业主利益冲突说”、“城市新中产阶级价值观改造说”和“中产阶级文化重建说”等多种观点。然而对这一运动的中坚力量与领导成分的考察则表明，知识分子在运动的领导主体中，占据了相当大的比例，并发挥了先锋骨干作用。从这一角度来看，美国进步主义运动可以被界定为是一次由知识分子倡导的社会改革运动。

Character of American Progressive Movement from the Viewpoint of Leading Force

Historians explain the American Progressive Movement in different ways. Some think it is an old middle-class movement stimulated by their unwillingness to lose their social status; some regard it as an businessmen＇s movement caused by their conflicts for benefits; some interpret it as a new middle-class movement motivated by their desire for reshaping the social values, and some say that it is a middle-class movement aiming at the rebuilding of the American culture. An analysis on the leading force of the movement shows that the movement was launched and led by the intellectuals.