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Longitudinal Change in Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
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| Authors: | Marjolein E.A. Barendse Jessica Flannery Caitlin Cavanagh Melissa Aristizabal Stephen P. Becker Estelle Berger Rosanna Breaux Nicole Campione-Barr Jessica A. Church Eveline A. Crone Ronald E. Dahl Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary Melissa R. Dvorsky Sarah L. Dziura Suzanne van de Groep Tiffany C. Ho Sarah E. Killoren Joshua M. Langberg Tyler L. Larguinho Lucía Magis-Weinberg Kalina J. Michalska Jordan L. Mullins Hanna Nadel Blaire M. Porter Mitchell J. Prinstein Elizabeth Redcay Amanda J. Rose Wendy M. Rote Amy K. Roy Sophie W. Sweijen Eva H. Telzer Giana I. Teresi April Gile Thomas Jennifer H. Pfeifer |
| Affiliation: | 1. University of Oregon;2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;3. Michigan State University;4. The University of Texas at Austin;5. University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;6. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University;7. University of Missouri;8. Erasmus University Rotterdam;9. University of California Berkeley;10. City University of New York, New York, USA;11. The George Washington University;12. University of Maryland;13. University of California San Francisco;14. Virginia Commonwealth University;15. University of Washington;16. University of California Riverside;17. University of South Florida;18. Fordham University;19. Stanford University;20. The University of Texas at El Paso |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of 1,339 adolescents (9–18 years old, 59% female) from three countries. We also examined if age, race/ethnicity, disease burden, or strictness of government restrictions moderated change in symptoms. Data from 12 longitudinal studies (10 U.S., 1 Netherlands, 1 Peru) were combined. Linear mixed effect models showed that depression, but not anxiety, symptoms increased significantly (median increase = 28%). The most negative mental health impacts were reported by multiracial adolescents and those under ‘lockdown’ restrictions. Policy makers need to consider these impacts by investing in ways to support adolescents’ mental health during the pandemic. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19 depression and anxiety collaborative |