1920年～1937年河南灾荒性移民与社会救助

1920年～1937年间,河南水旱灾害迭现,兵燹匪患频仍,由此引起的移民潮频繁而剧烈。灾荒性移民是这一时期河南最为重要的人口迁移类型,它体现了河南移民问题的特殊性。社会救助以有组织的灾民移送最为成功,救助团体在移民过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。新铁路线的开通也使跨省际的远距离迁移更加容易实现,从而极大地促进了移民的运送工作,使人口迁移由此进入到更为深远的地区。虽然这一时期河南的社会救助取得了局部的成功,但还远远不能满足现实的需要。

Calamity-driven Migrations in Henan and Social Assistance from 1920 to 1937

Subject to the frequent strikes of droughts and floods, of wars and banditries from 1920 to 1937, Henan province experienced a severe continuous out-flow of population. The calamity-driven migrations were the most important types of migrations during this period, which reflected the particularity of Henan migration problems. Organized migration was the most successful way of social assistance and relief groups played a pivotal role in the migration process. The opening of the new railway line made inter-provincial and long-range migrations easier, which greatly facilitated the delivery of migrations. Since then, migrations could reach far-reaching areas. Social assistance achieved partial success in Henan province, but it was far from being able to meet the real needs.