试论《五行》的成德进路

郭店楚简《五行》一文,围绕成圣这一儒家道德成就的终极目的,以先验的天命观为背景,以圣智之德作为五行的核心。其功夫论进路是通过形而上的心体之"玄思"、"玄听"而至"独"———合五行为一,上达天道的玄冥之境,从而凸显了儒家伦理道德深刻的形而上依据。圣智是一种人天感通式的对于终极实在的体悟,不能将其下降到形而下的知识论或伦理学层面去解释。《五行》以个体生命对最高存在理念的神性追求为重心,同时也论及在世俗社会层面通过改过迁善、扩充善端而完善人德的道德实践进路,二者体现了先秦儒学心性理论的两个维度,并为孟子心性论的"出场"作好了铺垫。

On the Pathway of Morality in Five Elements

Five Elements in Guodian Chujian focuses on the accomplishment of morality which is the final goal in Confucian thoughts, and locates the morality of sacred wisdom at its center under the transcendental view of Mandate of Heaven. Its goal is to reach the mysterious realm of Tien-Tao through the pathway of metaphysical meditation and metaphysical audition,and finally achieves in the Du( the One), thus manifests the deeply metaphysical foundation of Confucian morality. The sacred Wisdom is a Heaven-Human communicated understanding of the final reality, which cannot be descended to an epistemology or ethics. Five Elements emphasizes individual divine pursuit to the highest existence, and also discusses the secularly practical pathway of improvement, which incarnates two dimensions in the Confucian theory of mental nature before Qin dynasty, and prepares the emergence of Mencius.