公共政策执行偏差的原因与对策

在政策执行过程中存在着象征式、附加式、残缺式、替代式、照搬式、抵制式、观望式及扩张式等执行偏差现象，导致这些偏差的原因有：政策本身不科学；政策执行主体的缺陷；政策目标群体的制约；政策资源的局限；政策执行环境的影响等。在分析这些偏差及其原因的基础上，提出了纠正偏差的具有可操作性的建设性对策：科学合理地制定政策、优化政策执行主体、加强与政策执行目标群体的互动等。

Countermeasures and reasons for deviation of public policy implementation

In the process of implementing the policy,there are nominal,additional,incomplete,alternative-style,copy,resist,wait and see, expansion bias phenomena.The causes result from such devia-tions:unscientific policies,deficiencies of the implementation body,restriction of policy objectives,limi-tation of policy resources and influence of the implementation environment.On the basis of the above analysis,the authors put forward some suggestions for correcting the deviations:working out scientific policies,optimizing the implementation bodies and strengthening the cooperation work in those objectives,so forth.