试论基础义务教育体制的改革————目标模式与实现路径

础义务教育的主要任务是培育基础性通用人力资本。基础义务教育的目标模式应当是建立以中央政府统一发放的义务教育券为基础的竞争性义务教育市场，这个市场要让每个学生都有展示自己潜质的平等机会。通过教育券推进公平，通过学校之间争夺生源的竞争提升效率。基础义务教育需要延长到十二年，范围需要扩展到中等职业技术学校。全民基础义务教育经费可用两种方法解决：一是所有地方都由中央财政全额支付；二是在区分基础义务教育毕业生净流出地和净流入地的基础上，前者费用由中央财政全额支付，后者费用由中央财政和地方财政按一定比例分担。要建立学校教育质量信息的有效披露机制，克服学校和家庭双方信息不对称带来的弊端。

Reform of Basic Compulsory Education System: Target and Route

The main task of basic compulsory education is to train basic universal human capital.The target of this education is to set up a competitive compulsory education market，which uses unified education vouchers issued by the central government and gives every student an equal opportunity to realize their potential.This will promote fairness and efficiency through education vouchers and through competition between schools.Basic compulsory education should extend to twelve years and include technical schools.There are two methods to solve universal basic compulsory education funds: one is that all places are paid by central finance；the other is that places which hold net graduate outfolws and inflows are treated differently,for places holding net outflows education is all paid by central finance,for places holding net inflows education is shared by central finance and local finance according to a certain proportion.An effective mechanism on information disclosure is needed to avoid the unpleasant results caused by asymmetric information between schools and families.