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Framing the multifaceted nature of design thinking in addressing different innovation purposes
Institution:1. School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32 20133, Milano, Italy;2. Stockholm School of Economics, Sveavägen 65, 113 83, Stockholm, Sweden;3. TU Delft, Mekelweg 5, 2628, CD Delft, Netherlands;4. Reykjavik University Center for Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Menntavegur 1, 102, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;5. The University of Edinburgh Business School, 29 Buccleuch Pl, Edinburgh, EH8 9JS, UK;6. Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK;7. Harvard Business School, Boston, USA;8. School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
Abstract:Scholars and practitioners acknowledge the role of design, and specifically design thinking, as a driver of innovation and change. Design thinking is gaining attention in the business community beyond the traditional product innovation realm and is increasingly promoted as an engine for the creation of novel user experiences, new businesses, strategic transformation, organizational and cultural change. Is it reasonable to assume that the same set of practices fits such a broad range of applications equally well? This study addresses how design thinking applications are differently framed when addressing diverse innovation purposes. Specifically, we compare two purposes: innovation of solutions, encompassing traditional product and service development projects, and innovation of direction, encompassing strategic and organizational renewal projects. Based on data collected from 146 design thinking projects conducted by European consulting firms we investigate the relationships between the design thinking practices adopted and the value generated by the projects. We then analyze how these relationships vary depending on the purpose of the innovation project, namely whether focused on innovating solutions or direction. The results show that different purposes indeed call for different practices. In projects aimed at innovating solutions, market value is positively related to capturing current user needs and envisioning future society. Conversely, in projects aimed at innovating direction, market value is positively related to challenging current assumptions.
Keywords:Design thinking  Strategy  Innovation  Transformation  Consulting firms
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