论法院援引宪法的规范

宪法司法化一直是理论界和实务界积极探索的重大问题。合宪性解释是宪法实施的重要方式，法院在裁判文书中援引宪法已经成为司法实践的常态。当前，由于缺乏明确、统一的法院援引宪法规范，各级人民法院在援引宪法时各行其是，不利于维护宪法尊严和保障宪法实施。最高人民法院应当尽快出台法院援引宪法的规范，明确法院援引宪法的概念，规定法院援引宪法的情形，统一法院援引宪法的格式，同时通过完善责任机制、监督机制和指导性案例机制等措施，保障法院恰当援引宪法。此外，允许法院在援引宪法时对其作出法律方法层面的阐释，是法院援引宪法制度的重要内容和法院援引宪法规范的可期待内容。

Norms for Constitution Citing by Courts

After several changes in theory and practice, it has become a norm for courts to cite the constitution in judicial documents. However, due to the lack of a set of clear and unified norms, courts at all levels follow their own criteria when citing the constitution. This is bound to be detrimental to safeguarding the dignity of the constitution and its implementation. Therefore, it necessary for the Supreme People's Court to issue the rules for constitution citing by courts, to clarify the specific text of the constitution for citing, to stipulate occasions for constitution citing, and to unify the accurate and complete format of constitution citing. Through accountability mechanisms, supervision mechanisms, and guiding case mechanisms, etc., courts are guaranteed to properly cite the constitution. And allowing the courts to interpret the constitution at the level of legal methods when citing, is an important part of constitution citing system and the expected content of the rules for constitution citing by courts.