先秦道家的理想人格探析

每一时代都有自己的理想人格，它体现一个时代的人生追求和价值取向，体现着做人的方向和人格的标准。在古代士人的人格建构中，道家思想是不可或缺的一环。道家认定天道自然无为，把人从传统的天命论中解放出来，主张强调人性的自然性和真实性，把人的本质归于自然、素朴、无为和虚静。因此道家主张的是自然主义的理想人格。本文通过对先秦道家理想人格的建立依据及其实现路径的探讨，可以看出，先秦道家通过对理想人格的塑造，为社会制定了许多道德和政治规范，强化了人的道德良心，启发人的理性，把外在的道德规范变成人的内在心理要求，从而达到整合社会的目的。

An Analysis of the Taoist Ideal Personality in Pre- Qin Dynasty Period

Each era has its own ideal personality, which reflects everyday life and values, the direction and the standard of personality. In the reorientation of personality, the Taoist thinking is an indispensable chain. Taoism thinks that heaven is natural that liberates the man from the traditional destiny, stresses on human naturality and realism, and ascribes the human essence to nature, purity, inaction and vain quiet. Therefore, the Taoist stresses the naturalism of ideal personality. This paper explores the establishment and the implementation path of the Pre-Qin Dynasty Taoist ideal personality. By shaping the ideal personality, the Taoist makes up many moral and political standards, which strengthens human conscience, inspires people reason, changes the external ethics into the inner mental demands and finally achieves social integration.