城镇化进程中农业转移人口 市民化的健康效应分析

农业转移人口健康状况关系着中国劳动力质量和生产效率及健康中国战略的实施。本文采用CLDS(2014)调查数据探讨城镇化进程中农业转移人口市民化的健康效应,考虑市民化与健康水平之间可能存在的内生性关系,使用IV Ordered Probit模型进行分析。研究发现农业转移人口市民化显著提升了农业转移人口的健康水平。市民化水平的提高代表农业转移人口可享受城市基本公共服务及社会福利的增加,对健康有促进作用。从健康方面看,农业转移人口市民化促进了总体健康、精神健康、活力、生理功能、情感功能和躯体活动功能。从产业角度看,对比第二产业从业的农业转移人口,第三产业从业的农业转移人口市民化的健康效应更显著,说明对产业工人的职业健康保护力度不够,应加快产业升级,减少或避免劳动者的危险或重复劳动。个体差异是影响农业转移人口市民化健康效应的一个重要因素,从个体差异的起点(教育程度)和个体差异的终点(收入水平)看,教育程度高、收入水平高的农业转移人口市民化的健康效应更显著。户籍制度(尤其是隐藏其背后的社会福利差异)极大地削弱了农业转移人口市民化的健康效应。基于农业转移人口的市民化程度和自身的健康状况的正相关关系,要想改善转移人口的健康状况,实现"健康中国"的目标,应该进一步推进城镇化进程,提高农业转移人口市民化水平;切实落实国务院关于进一步推进户籍制度改革的意见;持续对农村地区及偏远地区加大教育投资,改善教育质量,提高农村地区人口的教育水平。

The Health Effect of Citizenization of Rural Migrants in the Process of Urbanization

The health of rural migrant is related to the quality and efficiency of Chinese labor force and the implementation of the strategy of healthy China. In this paper,we use CLDS(2014)survey data to explore the health effect of citizennization of rural migrant in the process of urbanization. Moreover,considering the endogenesis problem,we use the IV Ordered Probit model in the empirical analysis. The study finds that the citizennization of rural migrant significantly improves the health of rural migrant. From eight aspects of health,the citizennization of rural migrant promotes the overall health,mental health,role physical,role physical,role emotional and physical function. Compared with the situation of those who work in the secondary industry,the health effect is more significant for rural migrant who works in the tertiary industry. The individual difference is an important factor affecting the health effect of rural migrant. In addition,the household registration system,especially the difference of social welfare hidden behind it,greatly weakens the health effect of the citizenization of rural migrant. Based on the positive correlation between the citizenization of rural migrant and its own health status,in order to improve the health of the rural migrant and achieve the goal of healthy China,this paper puts forward the following suggestions. Further promoting the urbanization process and improving the level of citizenization of rural migrant;Implementing the opinion of further promoting the reform of household registration system;Continuing to invest in education in rural and remote areas,improving the quality of education and raise the education level of the rural areas.