澳大利亚离婚家庭子女经济支持政策及其影响

澳大利亚每年的离婚人口数量较高,涉及未成年子女的离婚数量占到将近一半,每年有超过40000名18岁以下未成年子女正在承受着家庭离散之苦。与情感方面相比,经济上的变故给离婚家庭未成年子女带来更大的冲击。根据对澳大利亚离婚家庭的家庭收入、房屋拥有率、租房费用、资产总量以及经济压力这几个指标进行对比和分析,发现离婚对澳大利亚家庭经济水平具有严重负面影响,是导致澳大利亚离婚家庭子女福利降低的根源。随着离婚家庭经济水平的降低,澳大利亚离婚家庭的儿童保育费用下降、儿童教育支出减少、子女发展受到明显抑制。为此,澳大利亚不断完善相关法律法规,采取了诸多政策措施,在改善离婚家庭子女福利上积累了丰富的经验,取得了巨大成效,具体措施包括明确财产和抚养费分配的原则、优先考虑儿童最大利益、制定“儿童抚养计划”等。随着中国离婚程序的简化,中国离婚率已经从1984年的0.39%升至2018年的3.2%,超过了英、法、韩、日等国家。中国受离婚影响的未成年子女数量也随之不断增长,他们正承受着离婚带来的巨大的精神和物质压力。澳大利亚对离婚家庭子女的支持政策值得我国借鉴,建议我国以“儿童最大利益优先原则”确定抚养人,合理确定抚养费数额,加强抚养费执行与监管,这将有利于改善离婚家庭子女的生活,维护未成年子女利益,从而更有效地维护社会稳定发展。

Economic Support Policy for Children of Divorced Families in Australia and Its Impact

The divorce rate in Australia that involves nearly half of the minor children is rising by succes⁃sion every year.There are more than 40000 minor children under the age of 18 are suffering from family di⁃vorce.To compare with the emotional aspect,the changes of economic status bring more effect to the chil⁃dren of divorced families.In the line with the comparison and analysis of family income,house ownership rate,rental cost,total assets and economic pressure of divorced families in Australia,it is found that divorce has a serious negative impact on the economic level that constitutes the reduction of children’s welfare of divorced families in Australia.With the decrease of the economic level in divorced families,the cost of childcare,education and the quality of children’s life in divorced families have been reduced.Hence,Aus⁃tralian government constantly initiated the relevant laws and regulations policies and measurements in im⁃proving the welfare of children of divorced families.With the simplification of divorce procedure in China,the divorce rate in China has increased from 0.39%in 1984 to 3.2%in 2018,which is higher than that in Britain,France,South Korea,Japan and other countries.The number of minor children affected by divorce is also growing in China,and they are under great mental and material pressure brought by divorce.It is sug⁃gested that China should adopt the principle of“children’s best interests first”to determine the caregivers,reasonably determine the amount of alimony,and strengthen the implementation and supervision of alimo⁃ny,which will be conducive to improving the life of divorced family children.Therefore,Australia’s support policy for divorced family children is worth learning from in China.