理解与阐释的迷误——对流行的《关于费尔巴哈提纲》几个问题解释的质疑

《关于费尔巴哈提纲》有马克思本人及恩格斯后来修订过的两个不同版本，其文字表述尽管大都相同，但也存在着些微差异。学术界以前主要根据恩格斯的版本去解读《提纲》而对这种差异关注不够，加上人们对文本整体思想理解上的不透彻甚至断章取义，从而造成在《提纲》的理解上存在诸多问题。笔者认为这些问题主要表现为：一是对旧唯物主义内涵及其域限理解上的偏误；二是把《提纲》第二条仅局限于认识论领域，而无视其生成论、存在论的维度；三是把“解释世界”与“改变世界”间的递进关系误认为是转折关系。

Errors in the understanding and interpretation of An Outline of Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach

An Outline of Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach has two versions, the one revised by Karl Marx and the other by Friedrich Engels. Though the two versions are similar in many ways, there are some slight differences. Scholars used to interpret the work based on the version of Engels and give little attention to the differences, which, plus the superficial understanding of the guiding thought, have led to many problems of interpretation. These problems are classified by the author into three categories. The first are the misinterpretation of the connotations and boundary of the old materialism ; secondly, the second note in the work is often misinterpreted as belonging to only epistemology, though it, in fact, involves both generative theory and ontology; thirdly, the progressive relationship between ＂in terpreting the world＂ and ＂transforming the world＂ is mistaken as adversative relation.