在理想与现实之间:理解韩国外交

冷战结束以来,韩国外交一直处于理想与现实间的痛苦选择中,一方面,为韩民族的统一进程魂牵梦绕,另一方面又纠缠于朝鲜核问题和美韩冷战联盟,难以走出朝鲜半岛的冷战体制阴影。卢武铉总统2005年3月提出韩国要扮演“地区平衡者”的角色,是试图走出“理想—现实”外交困境的重大尝试,可惜遭到韩国国内的强烈反弹和以美国为首的国际舆论的打压,不得已在改弦易辙。因此,“地区平衡者”不是韩国外交的恰当定位,而怕是过于理想化了。本文从目前的韩美关系、韩中关系、韩日关系和南北关系各方面分析韩国外交的理想与现实矛盾,认为处于理想与现实之间的韩国外交其实是韩国社会在安全、政治、经济、文化等各领域理想与现实两股力量角力的结果。

Between Ideal and Reality: Inderstanding South Korean Diplomacy

Since the end of the Cold War,ROK's diplomacy has been subjected to a painful choice between ideal and reality.On the One hand,ROK is obsessed by the North process of unification;on the other it is bogged down by the Korean nuclear issue and the U.S.South Korean cold war alliance and cannot get out of the shadow of the cold war system on the Korean Peninsula.In March 2005,President Roh Moo-Hyun put forward the idea that ROK should play the role of "regional balancer",an attempt to break away from the "ideal-reality" diplomatis dilemma.However,in the face of strong internal reaction and pressure from international opinion headed by the United States,he has to chnage course.Obviously,"regional balancer" is not the appropriate role for South Korea to play.This paper analyses the contradiction of ROK's diplomacy between ideal and reality in terms of South Korea — U.S.relations,South Korea's — China relations,South Korea — Japan relations and relations between Noth and South Koreas.The paper holds that ROK's diplomacy swinging between ideal and reality is actually the result of the trial of forces of ideal and reality in the fields of security,politics,economy and culture.