不均等选择概率下的加权调整研究

从不均等选择概率的角度,提出两类常见的权数调整类型及其调整方法:一是规模调整,使得样本单元权数之和等于总体规模;二是结构调整,使得样本结构和总体结构一致,并构造出加权调整的设计效应模型,应用于复杂样本设计。案例分析显示,加权调整往往导致设计效应变大,带来负的效应,但校准调整能降低设计效应,提高估计精度。

The Research of Weighting Adjustments under Unequal Selection Probabilities

From the viewpoint of unequal selection probabilities of elements,this paper examines two common sources of weighting adjustments and their methodologies: one is the size adjustment,which makes the equality of the sum of sample weights to population size;the other is structure adjustment,which makes the consistence of sample structure to population structure.It constructs design effect models for weighting adjustments,which are applied to complex design.The results of case study show that weighting adjustments usually increase the design effect and have negative impact on the design effect while calibration decreases the design effect and improves the precision of the estimates.