从锡伯语20年变化看满语的音变走向

本文简述锡伯人在东北由锡伯语转换成满语并西迁新疆伊犁的过程后,重点对1986年笔者在察布查尔调查的锡伯中年干部安福先生的满语和2005年笔者重新在当地调查同一位安福先生变成老年的满语进行比较,分析一个人20年前后所说满语的诸种音变现象,从中揭示满语在短期内清音浊化、元音高化、辅音前化、尾音脱落的普适音变规律,短鼻尾变长鼻尾、重音前移的横向影响因素,以及一个人由中年到老年由语言随意到语言书雅的返古现象。

The Sibo Nationality Manchu on Note Change Direction of Manchu Language from the Changes of Sibo Language over Past 20 Years

In this paper,the author first gives a brief account of the migrating process of the people of Sibo,their language being changed into that of Manchu people in Northeast China.Then the author focuses on the comparison of the Manchu language spoken by the same person of Sibo nationality at different time,one dating back to 1986 and the other recorded in 2005.The investigations were conducted at the same region called Chabuhar.By making an analysis of note changes of Manchu language during the past 20 years,the author explores the general rules of surd being voiced,vowels being high-pitched,consonant being put forward,and last syllables being dropped,and factors making short nose syllables into long nose syllables and stresses being put forward,and the strange phenomenon of one's language changing from casualness in the youth to elegance in the senior age.