生命共同体视域下的动物伦理

生命共同体是习近平总书记立足我国当前亟须破解的生态难题,着眼于中华民族永续发展的历史新高度而提出的伟大思想体系。生命共同体思想具体可分为三个方面:人与自然和谐共荣的生态自然观、整体系统的生态治理观、科学的生态发展观,这三个方面都饱含动物伦理思想。动物伦理学起源于西方,可以大致分为动物机械论、动物同情论、动物福利论、动物权利论和动物解放论;但是,早在春秋战国时期,动物伦理思想就已经在以儒、释、道等为主的哲学和宗教中了。西方动物伦理学晚于中国古代动物伦理思想,但在动物伦理实践应用方面西方更早、更全面。2020年初,随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的暴发,我国在正确认识人与自然的关系、野生动物等自然资源的合理利用、生态环境的整体性修复等动物伦理实践应用方面的不足再次显现出来。生命共同体思想对新时代我国动物伦理的实践应用有着重要的指导作用。本文以生命共同体思想的三个方面为研究对象,对生命共同体思想与近现代西方动物伦理的共识和与中国古代动物伦理的渊源进行了研究;在此基础上,对生命共同体思想如何指导新时代我国野生动物保护、实现生态整体性治理、推进绿色经济发展进行了有益的探讨。

A Study on Animal Ethics from Perspective of Life Community

Life community is a great ideological system put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping to address the ecological problems that China urgently needs to solve based on the new historical level of sustainable development of the Chinese nation.The thought of life community consists of three aspects:the eco?nature view of harmonious co?prosperity of man and nature,the holistic and systematic view of ecological governance,and the scientific view of ecological development.All of the three aspects are full of animal ethics which originated from the Western countries and can be roughly divided into theories about animal mechanics,animal sympathy,animal welfare,animal rights,and animal liberation.However,animal ethics thoughts can be found in Chinese philosophy and religion including Confucianism,Buddhism,Taoism and ect.as early as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period in China.Western animal ethics was developed later than animal ethics thoughts in ancient China,but it was earlier and more comprehensive in terms of application.At the beginning of 2020,with the outbreak of COVID-19,the deficiencies in the application of animal ethics in China have been revealed,including the problems in understanding the relationship between human and nature,the exploitation of natural resources such as wildlife,and the overall restoration of the ecological environment.Taking the three aspects of life community thought as the research object,the paper makes a study on the consensus between life community thought and the modern animal ethics in the West.The co?relationship between life community thought and the animal ethics in antient China is also studied.Finally,it discusses how the life community thought guides the wildlife protection in China,the realization of overall ecological governance and the promotion of green economy development in the new era.