试论中国省级公园体制的构建

以当前中国生态文明体制改革为契机,立足于中国自然保护地体系的现状问题已经从“顶层设计”层面转化为中央、地方在各级各类自然保护地的权责划分等现实问题,提出省级公园体制构建的建议,旨在弥补自然保护地体系在省级层面体制建设的缺失,明确划分中央与地方在新时期自然保护地体系治理中的权责,加强对自然资源的统筹管理。本文首先介绍了以美国州立公园、加拿大省级公园以及日本都道府县公园为代表的国外同类公园的先进理念和建设经验,其次从实践建设、规范标准、理论研究等几个方面对中国省级公园发展现状进行了分析,并以此为基础,提出中国省级公园体制构建的初步思路:第一,从设立标准、功能定位、主要类型三方面对省级公园的概念进行了探讨;第二,讨论了省级公园的发展目标与基本原则;第三,从监管机制、资金保障、法制保障三方面对省级公园保障机制进行了初步分析。笔者希望通过省级公园体制的构建为新时代自然保护地体系的完善提供思路,对于系统保护国家各级各类生态重要区域、典型自然生态空间,维护国家生态安全等起到积极作用。

On Establishment of Provincial Park System in China

Against the background of the current Chinese ecological civilization system reform and based on the current situation that the problem has been transformed from“top?level design”to the division of powers and responsibilities of central and local governments at all levels in various natural protection lands,this paper puts forward the suggestion of provincial park system establishment to make up for the natural protection land system lack at the provincial level and clearly divide power and responsibilities of central and local governments in the management of natural protection land system in the new era so as to strengthen the overall management of natural resources.After introducing the advanced concepts and construction experiences of similar parks in foreign countries,such as American state parks,Canadian and Japanese provincial parks,this paper analyzes the development status of Chinese provincial parks from the aspects of construction practice,normative standards and theoretical research.Then,it discusses about the construction of provincial park system in China.First,it expounds on the concept of provincial park from aspects of standard setting,function orientation and main category.Second,it analyzes the development objectives and basic principles of provincial park deveopment.Finally,it studies the guarantee system from supervision mechanism,financial guarantee and legal guarantee.It is hoped that the provincial park system establishment will provide approaches for the perfection of natural protection land system in the new era,and will play a positive role in the systematic protection of important ecological regions and typical natural ecological spaces at all levels to maintain national ecological security.