晚明社群文人创作趋同倾向及其对文学之影响

社群文人的潜在门户意识,使得他们极力排斥来自他社的不利因素;但相对社内文人群体而言,此种门户意识更易导致他们思想行为的趋同倾向。究其因,主要有三:(一)文社领袖一般具有杰出的文学才能,他们所倡导的文学思想为社内文人所尊奉;(二)同社士子多由亲属或者师生组成,在文学思想上,彼此之间往往具有渊源继承关系;(三)同社文人大多为本乡、本县或者本郡之人。这种趋同倾向在文学创作上表现得极为明显,主要体现在他们的集体创作成果——社稿方面。同社文人的门户趋同意识容易导致他们的文学创作在题材、体裁、思想、风格等方面趋于一致,这对形成某一文学流派,掀起某种文学思潮起到重要的推动作用。但我们也不能因此夸大同社文人趋同意识对文学的积极影响,有时同社文人在"过分"强调创作一致性的同时,也会忽视他们的独创精神而导致模拟倾向。

Literary Convergent Inclination of the Community Literati in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its influence on Literature

The potential group awareness of community literati made them strongly reject the adverse factors from other groups. But within the group of literati, the group awareness more easily led to the convergent inclination of their thinking and behavior. There are three main reasons： （a） the community leaders had outstanding literary talent. They advocated literary thoughts which were revered within their own literati groups. （b） Each community were composed of teachers and their students, or relatives whose literary thoughts usually came from a same origin. （c） The literatus within a same community mostly came from a same town or a same county. This kind of convergent inclination was obviously embedded in their literary creations. “Yue Quan Yin Club poetry” from Yue Quan Yin Group and “Ji She Ren Shen combine draft” from Ji She Group were typical. The group awareness of convergent inclination within community could easily lead to their works being consistent in the theme, genre, thought, style, etc, which played an important role in forming an school of literature and promoting a trend of thought in literature. But the positive influence of community convergent inclination should not be exaggerated. Sometimes this kind of convergent inclination has a negative effect on literature. When the literatus “excessively” emphasize on creation consistency, they sometimes ignore their creative spirit and tend to simulate with each other.