论家礼中的政治意识及其政治作用--以《礼记》为中心

从<礼记>可以看出,中国古代家礼的实质就是将个人固定在家族的宗法关系之中,贯穿家礼的是亲亲、尊尊、长长、男女有别的等级思想,这种宗法等级观念对于维系整个社会的等级秩序有重要作用.家礼的各种仪式都有鲜明的政治意义,尤其是家礼的核心观念孝,与政治伦理忠是一致的,这也反映出古代家国同构的历史事实,齐家就可以治国.家礼培养的是孝父尊君的社会观念.

The Political Meanings and Effects of Family Rituals

From Li Ji (the book of rituals), one can see that in ancient China people were restrained in patriarchal relations by the family rituals. The ideas contained in the family rituals were to love one's parents, revere high authorities, respect elder brothers, and make a strict distinction between men and women. These patriarchal and graded ideas played a very important role to maintain public order and hold the society together. Every family ritual has significant political meanings, especially the idea of filial piety to one's parents, which was the core of the family rituals. The idea of filial piety and the political ethics of loyalty were analogous, which showed the fact that in ancient China the family was similar to the state, that is to say, keeping the family in order was similar to administering the state. It had been trained of treating one's parents with filial piety and revering a monarch with loyalty by the family rituals.