试论中国城市低保制度实践的延伸效果及其演进方向.

引言自改革开放以来,随着中国城市贫困形势的变化,政府扶贫工作发生了若干重要转变。笔者曾经将这些转变概括为六个方面,即从扶持企业到直接救助贫困人口;从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫;从救助制度分立到救助制度整合;从基本生活救助到综合救助;从消极救助取向到积极开发取向;从忽视社区作用到重视社区作用(洪大用,2003d)。当然,这些转变并没有全部完成,有些方面只是表现出一定的趋势。在上述转变中,所谓“从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫”的转变,有可能引起一些人的批评。因为,在某种意义上,道义与制度往往是密切相关的。有时道义需要通过制度来体现…

A Discussion on the Unintended Effects of the Urban Sup p lemental Minimum Security Income and Its Developmental Trend

The establishment and implementation of the Urban Supplemental Minimum Security Income (USMSI) have marked a transition in the delivery of social welfare to the urban residents living in poverty from a moral justice stand to systematization. In the process of implementation, USMSI has produced unintended multi-faceted effects due to the impact from the system's context as well as its targeted recipients, and has shaped itself into a profit structure with multiple participating constituents. Thus, USMSI in its practice is gradually approaching to the point for reconstruction, which will signify another transition in the welfare delivery system.