美国新农业法案中农业补贴政策的改革及启示

基于美国历史上第18个农业法案?2018年农业提升法案?文本,文章在梳理其主要内容的基础上分析了美国农业补贴政策的主要特点和变化趋势.总体上看,2018美国农业法案保持了农业政策的延续性和针对性,继续实施2014美国农业法案中实施的价格损失保障政策和农业风险保障政策及营销援助贷款和贷款差价支付等多项基础政策,仍将保障农民收入作为首要目标,并对支持和保护水平进行了相应的提高,为农民提供一个更加安全的农业收入网.同时,美国新农业法更加注重政策项目的实施效率,试图构建一个注重补贴效率和强化风险管理的新安全网.2018美国新农业法案中农业补贴政策的改革对我国的农业支持保护制度具有重要的启示意义,即农业政策改革的方向是支持方式市场化、保护手段隐蔽化、项目执行效率化等.

Reform and Enlightenment of Agricultural Subsidy Policy in the New Agriculture Act of the United States

Based on the text of the Agricultural Promotion Act of 2018,the 18 th Agricultural Act in U.S.history,this paper analyzed the main features and trends of the U.S.agricultural subsidy policy.An overview reveals that this act maintained the continuity and pertinence of agricultural policy,continuing to implement several basic policies enacted in 2014,including the price loss guarantee policy,the agricultural risk guarantee policy,the marketing assistance loan policy and the loan differential payment policy,so as to guarantee farmers’income,and lifted the level of support and protection accordingly so as to provide farmers with a safer agricultural income network.Simultaneously,the new act focused more on the implementation efficiency of policy projects,trying to build a new safety net to lift subsidy efficiency and strengthen risk management.The Agricultural Promotion Act of 2018 is of great enlightenment for China’s agricultural support and protection system,explicating the direction of reform to the marketization of support mode,the concealment of protection means,and the efficiency of project implementation,etc.