民主德国农业集体化的特点及启示研究

20世纪50年代,民主德国借鉴苏联模式开启了农业集体化发展.德国统一社会党结合本国国情,采取强制与妥协并举的政策措施走出了一条较为特色的农业集体化道路.文章以民主德国1952-1960年的农业集体化运动作为研究对象,分析其发展基础、发展路径、所有制结构、农业价格政策方面的特点,并结合我国当前农民合作社发展的现实基础,提出针对性的发展建议:充分利用工业化、信息化等现代科学技术推进我国农民合作社的发展;逐步推进农民合作社的健康发展,保护农民的积极性;进一步缩小工农业产品价格剪刀差,将国家农业补贴重点向合作社规模经营主体倾斜.

The Characteristics and Enlightenment of Agricultural Collectivization in Democratic Germany

In the 1950 s,Democratic Germany started the agricultural collectivization development inspired by the Soviet model.With great historical particularity,this model has encountered severe challenges in practice.On account of its own national conditions,the German Social Unity Party adopted a policy of both compulsion and compromise,and embarked on a more characteristic road of agricultural collectivization.This article takes Democratic Germany’s agricultural collectivization development(1952-1960)as the research object,analyzes its development basis,development path,ownership structure,as well as the characteristics of agricultural price policies,and combines the realistic basis of China’s current farmers cooperative development to propose targeted development suggestions:utilizing modern science and technology,such as industrialization and informatization,to promote the development of farmers cooperatives in China;promoting the healthy development of farmers cooperatives gradually to protect the farmers’initiative;further minimizing the price gap between industrial and agricultural products and increasing financial support for cooperatives;focusing the state agricultural subsidies on the main body of cooperatives.