宪法劳动权之重新解释

我国宪法对劳动权的传统解释认为 :劳动权是公民要求国家提供有保障的工作并发给报酬的权利 ,相应地国家负有具体地保障公民就业的义务和责任。其实践则是劳动力计划管理体制。它虽然带来了秩序、平等和安全 ,却在较大程度上丧失了自由和效率 ,最终导致了社会的僵化和停滞。改革开放以来 ,我国经济结构发生了重大变化 ,劳动权也亟须重新解释。文章认为劳动权应解释为有劳动能力和劳动愿望的公民 ,自谋职业不成时可要求国家提供劳动就业机会 ,如不可能时则国家为其提供基本生活保障的权利 ,其性质应为受益权而非自由权。

A New Interpretation of Right to Work in the Constitution

The right to work is a basic right according to constitution. Traditional interpretation holds that any citizen is entitled to the job opportunity and payment, and the country is under an obligation to assure that right. In this article, the authors argue that the theory, being obsolete, should be reinterpreted. A new interpretation must be formed to adapt to the great changes in the structure of the economy. The article points out that the right to work should be better interpreted as that that every person with job ability and wishes may demand job opportunity, and the failure to obtain jobs asks for the ensurance of the country to provide minimum standard of living. The nature of the right to work belongs to beneficial right, not to liberal right.