西方政治存在论的语用学转向与困境——论阿伦特政治哲学的方法论特质

西方传统政治哲学因其形而上学性的谬误，已经偏离了政治实践的要旨并丧失了对人的生存处境的关切，这种形而上学积弊深重根源于它囿限于理性主体性的方法论立场。依赖于对亚里斯多德实践范畴的深刻的海德格尔式的重新思考，阿伦特建构一种新的政治语用学方法论，企图借此摆脱传统政治“理智论”的谬误，实现政治哲学在现当代的存在论转向，并形成对马克思政治哲学批判的态势。但是，政治语用学方法论所凸现的现代形而上学性，在对抗马克思政治哲学中自身已陷入困境；并且，其形而上学的弊病最终逃脱不了来自马克思倡导的现实的历史的方法论立场的批判与祛除。

Pragmatic Turn and its Dilemma of Political Existentialism: on the Characteristics of Arendt's Political Methodology

Traditional western political philosophy has deviated from political praxis and lost concerns about human’s living conditions due to its metaphysical fallacy,which is the result that traditional politics could not step out of the methodology of rationality and subjectivity.By deeply reconsidering Aristotle’s concept of praxis with Heidegger’s model,Arendt has put forward a new political methodology of pragmatics,by which she tried to break away from the error of traditional political rationalism and realize the contemporary existentialism turn of political philosophy,and form its critique on Marx’s political ideas.However,methodological pragmatics in Arendt’s politics has been disclosed the characteristics of modern metaphysics,which has fallen into predicament when it criticized Marx’s political philosophy.And most of all,its fallacy of metaphysical methodology cannot eventually escape from the critique and destruction by Marx’s methodology based on real and historical principle.