二十年来清代苗民起义研究的回顾与展望

清代苗民起义研究曾是历史研究领域中最热门的话题之一,国内外学者们对清代苗民起义研究成就斐然。但也存在不少问题,国内学者主要表现在:一方面是论著多为具体史实的罗列和阐述,缺少理论的色彩和分析;另一方面,对个案的研究得不够深入,研究方法单一。国外学者主要表现在:日本学界的"地域社会论"缺陷是缺乏关照国家层面与地方社会的双向互动,难以从总体上理解中国;美国的研究过于强调"社会科学化",过于理性、过于功能化地探讨地方社会的研究方法往往容易停留于浅表的层面,并难以全面地把握历史过程本身。通过回顾苗民起义研究成果,其焦点主要聚集在对苗民起义的性质的界定问题上。过去简单的阶级分析方法显然是不够的,而应回归到历史的本位,从更广阔的视角,借助其他学科的研究方法来探讨苗民起义与中国传统社会结构的关系。综合所述,有关苗民起义的研究完全可以重新研究,也完全可以焕发出新的生命力。

A Review and Prospect of Studies on the Twenty-year Miao Rebellions in the Qing Dynasty

The Miao rebellions in the Qing dynasty was one of the hottest topics in the field of history.Scholars at home and abroad have achieved success in research on the Miao rebellions,but there are still many problems.For domestic scholars,on the one hand,their publications are mainly focusing on specific historical facts and elaboration.They are short of theoretical analysis.On the other hand,their case studies are not substantial enough and their research methods are narrow and simple.For foreign scholars,the ＂regional society＂ produced by the Japanese are short of mutual influence between the state level and local society.Therefore it is hard to understand China as a whole.However,the American scholars focus too much on ＂social science＂.They are more rational and functional in discussing on the research methods of local society and tend to stay on the superficial level.It is difficult to fully grasp the historical process itself.Through the review of research achievements on the Miao Rebellions,with a focus on the definition of the nature of the Miao Rebellions,the past simple class analysis is not enough.It should return to its history,with the aid of other disciplines and from a broader perspective to discuss the relationship between the Miao Rebellions and the social structure of the traditional Chinese relationship.In a word,there are needs to restudy on Miao Rebellions,which can show renewed vitality.