历史主义的兴起与十八世纪的认识论危机

牛顿物理学的成功使得经验主义的认识范式在十八世纪受到普遍地推崇。经验主义认识范式的流行给由笛卡尔肇端的唯理主义认识范式带了了极大的冲击,并造成了十八世纪的认识论危机。正是在启蒙思想家对这场危机的反思中,历史主义开始出现和兴起。本文分析了历史主义与经验主义范式之间的本质关联,并且指出,历史主义作为一种与强调普遍人性和抽象原则的启蒙历史观相对立的历史观,它的基本原则是强调个体性与发展。

The Rising of Historicism and the Crisis of Epistemology in the 18th Century

The paradigm of empiricism was widely recognized with the success of Newton ~ physics, which challenged the paradigm of rationalism initiated by Descartes and led to the crisis of epistemology in the 18ta cen- tury. Historicism emerged and rose in the reflections on this crisis by the Enlightenment thinker. The present pa- per analyzes the essential relationship between the paradigm of empiricism and historicism, and holds that, as a kind of conception of history which opposed to the universal human nature and abstract principles held by the En- lightenment thinker, the basic principle of historicism is individuality and develooment.