以空间换时间:蒋介石对南口会战的部署及战略意图

南口会战在华北抗日正面战场的形成过程中具有举足轻重的地位。会战展开前,蒋介石以第13军、第17军、第68军构成三位一体和实行察绥一体的防御体系,迫使日军进行南口会战。会战展开后,蒋介石指示和鼓励汤恩伯固守南口,指示傅作义和刘汝明配合攻取张北;前项部署较为成功,后项计划未能实施。日军正面攻击南口未得逞后,乃从察北插入攻击张家口,截断平绥线。蒋介石乃实施三步计划,先是鼓励固守南口,接着指示反攻,继之部署撤退。蒋介石部署南口会战的战略意图是以空间换时间,以平绥线的作战牵制日军速沿平汉线、津浦线南下。尽管蒋介石未能调集充足的兵力,也未能解决指挥系统混乱、嫡系部队与杂牌部队之间矛盾等一系列问题,但是通过南口会战,华北抗日正面战场形成。

To Win the Time with the Space： Chiang Kai-shek＇s Military Arrangement and Strategic Aim in the Nankou Pass Battle

The Nankou Pass Battle takes an important place during the formation of Kuo Ming-tang Army＇s battlefront against Japanese invasion in Northern China. In order to make Japanese army to start the Nankou Pass battle, Chiang Kai-shek not only arranged the Thirteenth Army,the Seventeenth Army and the Sixty-eighth Army on the line of Peking-Suiyuan Railway, but also make Chahar and Suiyuan together to form an defense setup before the Nankou Pass battle took place. After the battle took place, he instructed and encouraged Tang Enbo to defend the Nankou Pass tenaciously, and asked Fu Zuoyi and Liu Ruming to attack and seize Changbai together. The former arrangement was successful, but the latter plan was not carried out. Japanese army attacked Chang Jia-kou from the north of Chahar after it failed to attack and seize the Nankou Pass. Chiang Kai-shek took three steps. Firstly he encouraged Tang Enbo to defend the Nankou Pass continually, then instructed Tang Enbo and Wei Lihuang to counterattack Japanese army, and arranged to withdraw at last. Chiang Kai-shek arranged the Nankou Pass battle to win the time with the space, and to pin down Japanese army attack fastly along the railways of Peking-Hankou and Peking-Pukou. Although during the Nankou Pass battle he could＇nt assemble more troops and could＇nt sovle a series of problems such as chaos of command system, the contradictions between the troops under his direct control and the troops of miscellaneous brands, Kuo Ming-tang Army＇s battlefront against Japanese invasion in Northern China had been formed.