异化中的“屈从性崇拜”——析二十世纪中期美国小说中被异化的疯癫

20世纪50、60年代的美国文化思潮急剧转变。理性与非理性交替影响时代文学的生成。神经错乱或精神失常形象成为文学创作中一个重要的文学现象。人物形象的生成方面是个体因为与主流社会的差异而抗议，另一类则因欲望对人性的异化造成欲念狂人。弗洛姆认为异化是致人精神失常的重要因素之一。屈从性崇拜是对自身欲望的顺从而丧失自我。被异化的“疯癫”往往具有恶的品质，折射出其背后的作者所批判的时代文化精神。文章罗列各种被异化的形象，分析其表现以及背后的文化成因。

American Novels in Mid-20th Century

In the 1950s and 1960s the United States of America has witnessed the sharp cultural transition.Trains of rational and irrational thoughts have influenced greatly the literature alternately.Madman has constituted one of the important literary phenomenons,because of the conflict of the individual and the mainstream of American society,and partly the alienation of humanity by desire.Fromm thinks that alienation is one of the important factors for mental disorder.The worship obedient to original desires leads to loss of self.Madness caused by alienation often has done evil,and reflected the authors’ criticism against the cultures and spirits of the times behind the literary phenomenon.This paper attempts to list all kinds of alienated images,and analyze its performance as well as the cultural causes.